The Self Parameter :
 The self parameter in Python represents the current object of a class.

It allows a class method to:

  • access instance variables

  • call other methods of the same object

  • differentiate between object data and local variables


What is Self ?

                 self is a reference to the object that is currently calling the method.

                 When you call a method using an object, Python automatically passes the object reference as self.


Why self is Required ?

Without self, Python cannot know:

  • which object is calling the method

  • where to store or retrieve instance data

Each object has its own memory, and self points to that memory.


Using Self to Access Instance Variable :

Python 
class Student: def set_details(self, name, age): self.name = name self.age = age def show(self): print(self.name, self.age) s1 = Student() s1.set_details("Rahul", 22) s1.show() #output Rahul 22


Classing Methods with self :
Python 
class Person: def __init__(self, name): self.name = name def greet(self): return "Hello, " + self.name def welcome(self): message = self.greet() print(message + "! Welcome to our website.") p1 = Person("Rahul") p1.welcome() #output Hello, Rahul! Welcome to our website.