Operating Systems Roadmap for BeginnersLast updated: Apr 3, 2026Author :Jitendra KumarWhat is an Operating SystemSystem Calls & APIsBoot ProcessFoundationsHistory & Types of OS (Batch, Time-sharing, Real-time, Distributed)Kernel vs User SpaceProcesses & Process Control Block (PCB)Threads vs ProcessesScheduling Algorithms (FCFS, SJF, Round Robin, Priority)Processes & ThreadsProcess States & LifecycleContext SwitchingInter-Process Communication (Pipes, Message Queues, Shared Memory)Race ConditionsLocks & SemaphoresDeadlocks (Prevention, Avoidance, Detection, Recovery)Concurrency & SynchronizationCritical SectionsMonitors & Condition VariablesPhysical & Virtual MemoryPage Replacement Algorithms (FIFO, LRU, Optimal)Memory Allocation (First Fit, Best Fit, Worst Fit)Memory ManagementPaging & SegmentationThrashingMMU (Memory Management Unit)File Concepts (Metadata, File Descriptors)Directory ImplementationDisk Scheduling Algorithms (FCFS, SSTF, SCAN, C-SCAN)File Systems & StorageFile System StructureInodesJournaling File SystemsI/O Devices & ControllersDMA (Direct Memory Access)Buffering & Caching in I/OI/O & Device ManagementInterruptsDevice DriversUser AuthenticationCapabilitiesSandboxing & IsolationSecurity & ProtectionAccess Control ListsEncryption in OSClient-Server ModelDistributed File Systems (NFS, HDFS)Consensus in OS (Paxos, Raft)Distributed OS ConceptsProcess MigrationClock Synchronization (Lamport, Vector Clocks)Virtualization & HypervisorsNUMA (Non-Uniform Memory Access)Modern OS Internals (Linux, Windows, macOS)Advanced TopicsContainers vs VMs (Docker, Kubernetes)Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS)Write a Simple ShellImplement a Virtual Memory ManagerMini OS Kernel (Educational)ProjectsBuild a Process Scheduler SimulatorFile System Simulation ProjectOS Fundamentals Q&ADeadlocks & Synchronization ProblemsFile System & Disk Management QuestionsInterview PreparationProcesses & Threads QuestionsMemory Management QuestionsCase Studies (Linux, Windows Scheduling)
