Operating System – Topics & Subtopics 

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/operating_system/os_overview.htm

1. Introduction to Operating System

• What is an Operating System

• Functions of an Operating System

• Goals of OS

• Types of Operating Systems

  • Batch OS

  • Time Sharing OS

  • Distributed OS

  • Network OS

  • Real-Time OS

• OS Structure

• Kernel vs User Mode

• System Calls

2. Process Management

• Process Concept

• Process State Diagram

• Process Control Block (PCB)

• Process Scheduling

• Process Operations

  • Process Creation

  • Process Termination

• Interprocess Communication (IPC)

  • Shared Memory

  • Message Passing

• Context Switching

3. CPU Scheduling

• Scheduling Concept

• Scheduling Criteria

• Scheduling Algorithms

  • First Come First Serve (FCFS)

  • Shortest Job First (SJF)

  • Shortest Remaining Time First (SRTF)

  • Priority Scheduling

  • Round Robin (RR)

  • Multilevel Queue Scheduling

  • Multilevel Feedback Queue Scheduling

• Preemptive vs Non-Preemptive Scheduling

• Scheduling in Real-Time Systems

4. Process Synchronization

• Critical Section Problem

• Race Condition

• Synchronization Hardware

• Mutex Locks

• Semaphores

  • Binary Semaphore

  • Counting Semaphore

• Monitors

• Condition Variables

• Classic Synchronization Problems

  • Producer Consumer Problem

  • Dining Philosophers Problem

  • Readers Writers Problem

  • Sleeping Barber Problem

5. Deadlocks

• Deadlock Concept

• Necessary Conditions for Deadlock

  • Mutual Exclusion

  • Hold and Wait

  • No Preemption

  • Circular Wait

• Resource Allocation Graph

• Deadlock Handling Methods

  • Deadlock Prevention

  • Deadlock Avoidance

  • Deadlock Detection

  • Deadlock Recovery

• Banker’s Algorithm

6. Memory Management

• Memory Management Concepts

• Address Binding

• Logical vs Physical Address

• Dynamic Loading and Linking

• Swapping

• Contiguous Memory Allocation

  • Fixed Partition

  • Variable Partition

• Fragmentation

  • Internal Fragmentation

  • External Fragmentation

7. Paging

• Paging Concept

• Page Table

• Address Translation

• Multilevel Paging

• Inverted Page Table

• Translation Lookaside Buffer (TLB)

8. Segmentation

• Segmentation Concept

• Segment Table

• Segmentation with Paging

9. Virtual Memory

• Virtual Memory Concept

• Demand Paging

• Page Fault Handling

• Copy-on-Write

• Thrashing

Page Replacement Algorithms

• FIFO

• Optimal Page Replacement

• LRU (Least Recently Used)

• LFU

• Clock Algorithm

10. File System

• File Concept

• File Attributes

• File Operations

• File Types

• File Access Methods

  • Sequential Access

  • Direct Access

  • Indexed Access

Directory Structure

• Single Level Directory

• Two Level Directory

• Tree Structure Directory

• Acyclic Graph Directory

File System Implementation

• File Allocation Methods

  • Contiguous Allocation

  • Linked Allocation

  • Indexed Allocation

11. Disk Management

• Disk Structure

• Disk Scheduling Algorithms

  • FCFS

  • SSTF

  • SCAN

  • C-SCAN

  • LOOK

  • C-LOOK

• Disk Formatting

• Disk Partitioning

• RAID Structure

12. I/O System

• I/O Hardware

• I/O Devices

• I/O Interface

• Device Drivers

• Interrupt Handling

• Direct Memory Access (DMA)

13. Protection and Security

• Protection Concept

• Access Control

• Access Matrix

• Capability Based System

• Authentication

• Encryption

• Security Threats

14. Distributed Operating Systems

• Distributed Systems Concept

• Client-Server Model

• Peer-to-Peer Model

• Distributed File Systems

• Remote Procedure Call (RPC)

15. Virtualization

• Virtual Machine Concept

• Hypervisor

• Type 1 Hypervisor

• Type 2 Hypervisor

• Containerization

16. Modern Operating System Concepts

• Multicore Processing

• Cloud Operating Systems

• Mobile Operating Systems

• Microkernel Architecture

• Monolithic Kernel

• Hybrid Kernel